By Lisa Caripis, Research and Policy Manager
Originally published by IGF
By Lisa Caripis, Research and Policy Manager
Originally published by IGF
Governments have an important role to play to ensure that exploration and mining are carried out in a way that is environmentally and socially responsible, as set out in the Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development’s (IGF’s) Guidance on Environmental and Social Impact Assessments (ESIAs). The energy transition away from fossil fuels will increasingly test governments in this respect because it will require the increased production of critical minerals like cobalt, copper, and lithium. These vital resources are often located in areas of social and environmental sensitivity, which demands that companies conduct thorough impact assessments that incorporate meaningful community engagement—free of manipulation and corruption.
Community engagement, when done meaningfully, enables women and men in host communities to understand how a mining project could affect their lives and gives them the opportunity to have a real say in how the project proceeds.
Active, inclusive, and informed community participation leads to more accurate and effective ESIAs that incorporate the diverse needs and perspectives of community members about how their land, livelihoods, and traditions stand to be affected. Any ESIA and corresponding mitigation and management plans that do not include this information risk causing serious harm.
“With demand for critical minerals poised to grow and the pandemic pressuring countries to relax regulations, authorities need to be especially vigilant now more than ever.”
In the case of Indigenous and First Nations Peoples, governments have a duty to ensure these groups have access to accurate, relevant, and meaningful information about potential environmental and social impacts of mining. This is integral to the right of Indigenous Peoples to provide or withhold free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) in relation to projects that will affect their lives, as recognized under the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
Community involvement in the ESIA process helps minimize mining’s negative impacts and makes the sector more accountable, but governments need to be aware that meaningful community engagement can be compromised by manipulation and corruption in some well-documented ways.
Recent research into more than 20 mineral-rich countries by Transparency International’s Accountable Mining Programme found that community engagement is more likely to be undermined by manipulation and corruption when:
These risks have become even greater in countries that have expedited ESIA processes and relaxed community engagement requirements in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
There are several actions that governments can take to make sure that community engagement in the ESIA process is genuine, meaningful, and effective.
Ultimately, it is up to governments to ensure that the mining sector contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals and protects the interests of current and future generations. With demand for critical minerals poised to grow and the pandemic pressuring countries to relax regulations, authorities need to be especially vigilant now more than ever. In this regard, effective ESIAs are an important tool for governments to minimize the negative impacts of mining—but the process must meaningfully engage women and men in the affected communities.
Photo: TI Zambia